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The list of sovereign debt crises involves the inability of independent countries to meet its liabilities as they become due. These include, *a sovereign default, where a government suspends debt repayments *a debt restructuring plan, where the government agrees with other countries, or unilaterally reduces its debt repayments *requiring assistance from the International Monetary Fund or another international source Debts could be owed either to private parties within a country, to foreign investors, or to other countries. ==List of sovereign defaults== ;Europe * Austria-Hungary (1802, 1805, 1811, 1816, 1868) * Austria (1938, 1940, 1945〔) * Bulgaria (1932, 1990) * Croatia (1993–1996)〔 * Germany (1939, 1948〔) * * Hesse (1814) * * Prussia (1807, 1813) * * Schleswig-Holstein (1850) * * Westphalia (1812) * Greece (1826, 1843, 1860, 1893, 1932) * Hungary (1932, 1941) * Poland (1936, 1940, 1981) * Portugal (1828, 1837, 1841, 1845, 1852, 1890) * Russia (1839, 1885, 1918, 1947,〔 1957,〔 1991) * Spain (13 times in 1500-1900,〔http://eml.berkeley.edu/~webfac/cromer/e211_f07/voth.pdf〕 1809, 1820, 1831, 1834, 1851, 1867, 1872, 1882, 1936-1939〔) * Turkey (1876, 1915, 1931, 1940, 1978, 1982) * Ukraine (1998–2000)〔 * United Kingdom (1822, 1834, 1888–89, 1932)〔 ;Africa * Algeria (1991) * Angola (1976,〔(The Forgotten History of Domestic Debt ), Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff, 17. April 2008, NBER, p.41ff〕 1985, 1992-2002〔) * Cameroon (2004)〔 * Central African Republic (1981, 1983) * Congo (Kinshasa) (1979)〔 * Côte d'Ivoire (1983, 2000) * Gabon (1999–2005)〔 * Ghana (1979, 1982)〔 * Liberia (1989–2006)〔 * Madagascar (2002)〔 * Mozambique (1980)〔 * Rwanda (1995)〔 * Sierra Leone (1997–1998)〔 * Sudan (1991)〔 * Tunisia (1867, 1986) * Egypt (1876, 1984) * Kenya (1994, 2000) * Morocco (1983, 1994, 2000) * Nigeria (1982, 1986, 1992, 2001, 2004) * South Africa (1985, 1989, 1993) * Zambia (1983) * Zimbabwe (1965, 2000, 2006〔 (see Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe) ;Americas * Antigua and Barbuda (1998–2005)〔 * Argentina (1827, 1890, 1951, 1956, 1982, 1989, 2002–2005〔 (see Argentine debt restructuring), 2014〔) * Bolivia (1875, 1927,〔 1931, 1980, 1986, 1989) * Brazil (1898, 1902, 1914, 1931, 1937, 1961, 1964, 1983, 1986–1987,〔 1990〔) * Canada (Alberta) (1935)〔 * Chile (1826, 1880, 1931, 1961, 1963, 1966, 1972, 1974, 1983) * Colombia (1826, 1850, 1873, 1880, 1900, 1932, 1935) * Costa Rica (1828, 1874, 1895, 1901, 1932, 1962, 1981, 1983, 1984) * Dominica (2003–2005)〔 * Dominican Republic (1872, 1892, 1897, 1899, 1931, 1975-2001〔 (see Latin American debt crisis), 2005) * Ecuador (1826, 1868, 1894, 1906, 1909, 1914, 1929, 1982, 1984, 2000, 2008) * El Salvador (1828, 1876, 1894, 1899, 1921, 1932, 1938, 1981–1996〔) * Grenada (2004–2005)〔 * Guatemala (1933, 1986, 1989) * Guyana (1982) * Honduras (1828, 1873, 1981) * Jamaica (1978) * Mexico (1827, 1833, 1844, 1850,〔 1866, 1898, 1914, 1928–1930s, 1982) * Nicaragua (1828, 1894, 1911, 1915, 1932, 1979) * Panama (1932, 1983, 1983, 1987, 1988-1989〔) * Paraguay (1874, 1892, 1920, 1932, 1986, 2003) * Peru (1826, 1850,〔 1876, 1931, 1969, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1984) * Surinam (2001–2002)〔 * Trinidad and Tobago (1989) * United States (1779 (devaluation of Continental Dollar), 1790, 1798 (see The Quasi-war), 1862,〔(A Short History of US Credit Defaults ), Ludwig von Mises Institute, 15 July 2011〕 1933 (see Executive Order 6102),〔 1971 (Nixon Shock) * * nine states (1841–1842)〔 * * 10 states and many local governments (1873–83 or 1884)〔 * Uruguay (1876, 1891, 1915, 1933, 1937,〔 1983, 1987, 1990) * Venezuela (1826, 1848, 1860, 1865, 1892, 1898, 1982, 1990, 1995–1997,〔 1998,〔 2004) ;Asia * China (1921, 1932,〔 1939) * Japan (1942, 1946-1952〔) * India (1958, 1969, 1972)〔https://books.google.pl/books?id=kPYXpHSVbywC&pg=PA627&lpg=PA627&dq=india+debt+default+1958&source=bl&ots=PaNMWYyuRK&sig=i6Pc4iQ5Jgv_-2sIXBfML-XHNsI&hl=pl&sa=X&ei=KDyRVf6nG4P5UKK1i5gM&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=india%20debt%20default%201958&f=false〕 * Indonesia (1966) * Iran (1992) * Iraq (1990) * Jordan (1989) * Kuwait (1990–1991)〔 * Myanmar (1984,〔 1987,〔 2002) * Mongolia (1997–2000)〔 * The Philippines (1983) * Solomon Islands (1995–2004)〔 * Sri Lanka (1980, 1982, 1996〔) * Vietnam (1975)〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of sovereign debt crises」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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